Monopoly and Marginal Cost - 3383 Words

Practice Questions and Answers from Lesson III-3: Monopoly Practice Questions and Answers from Lesson III-3: Monopoly The following questions practice these skills: ïÆ' ¼ Explain the sources of market power. ïÆ' ¼ Apply the quantity and price affects on revenue of any movement along a demand curve. ïÆ' ¼ Find the profit maximizing quantity and price of a single-price monopolist. ïÆ' ¼ Compute deadweight loss from a single-price monopolist. ïÆ' ¼ Compute marginal revenue. ïÆ' ¼ Define the efficiency of P = MC. ïÆ' ¼ Find the profit-maximizing quantity and price of a perfect-price-discriminating monopolist. ïÆ' ¼ Find the profit-maximizing quantity and price of an imperfect-price-discriminating monopolist. Question: Each of the following firms possesses market power.†¦show more content†¦They are thinking about making the movie available for download on the Internet, and they can act as a single-price monopolist if they choose to. Each time the movie is downloaded, the ir Internet service provider charges them a fee of $4. The Baxter brothers are arguing about which price to charge customers per download. The accompanying table shows the demand schedule for their film. Price of download Quantity of downloads demanded $10 0 $8 1 $6 3 $4 6 $2 10 $0 15 a. Calculate the total revenue and the marginal revenue per download. b. Bob is proud of the film and wants as many people as possible to download it. Which price would he choose? How many downloads would be sold? c. Bill wants as much total revenue as possible. Which price would he choose? How many downloads would be sold? d. Ben wants to maximize profit. Which price would he choose? How many downloads would be sold? e. Brad wants to charge the efficient price. Which price would he choose? How many downloads would be sold? Answer to Question: a. The accompanying table calculates total revenue (TR) and marginal revenue (MR). Recall that marginal revenue is the additional revenue per unit of output Pric e of download Quantity of downloads TR MR demanded $10 0 $0 $8 1 $8 $8 $6 3 $18 $5 $4 6 $24 $2 $2 10 $20 $-1 $0 15 $0 $-4 b. Bob would charge $0. At that price, there would be 15 downloads, the largest quantity they can sell. c. Bill would charge $4.Show MoreRelatedManagerial Economics Chapter 9 Essay1641 Words   |  7 Pagesbecause The marginal revenue curve for a perfectly competitive firm is the same as its demand curve. Perfectly competitive firms should produce the quantity where The difference between total revenue and total cost is as large as possible. Profit for a perfectly competitive firm can be expressed as (P-ATC) x Q , where P is price, Q is output, and ATC is average total cost. A student argues: â€Å"To maximize profit, a firm should produce the quantity where the difference between marginal revenueRead MoreEconomics1291 Words   |  6 PagesProblem Set 9 (75 points) 1. A student argues, If a monopolist finds a way of producing a good at lower cost, he will not lower his price. Because he is a monopolist, he will keep the price and the quantity the same and just increase his profit. Do you agree? Use a graph to illustrate your answer. The argument is incorrect. As the graph shows, a reduction in marginal cost will cause a monopolist to reduce his price. 2. Economist Harvey Leibenstein argued that the loss of economic efficiencyRead MoreStarbucks Vs. Google Market Structure Essay1639 Words   |  7 Pagescompetition, oligopoly, and monopoly. Every product ever produced comes from one of these four market structures. The one thing that all of these market structures have in common is the profit-maximizing rule. No matter what you product you make, every firm has a desire to produce where marginal revenue from selling the good is equal to the marginal cost of producing the good. Every firm should keep producing as long as the marginal revenue is greater than marginal cost. Once they reach a point whereRead MoreThumb Rule of Pricing722 Words   |  3 Pages10.1 MONOPOLY A Rule of Thumb for Pricing Chapter 10: Market Power: Monopoly and Monopsony We want to translate the condition that marginal revenue should equal marginal cost into a rule of thumb that can be more easily applied in practice. To do this, we first write the expression for marginal revenue: Copyright  © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall †¢ Microeconomics †¢ Pindyck/Rubinfeld, 7e. 9 of 50 10.1 MONOPOLY A Rule of Thumb for Pricing ChapterRead MoreEssay about Monopoly of Petroleum: OPEC1037 Words   |  5 PagesMonopoly of Petroleum: OPEC Images Not Included A monopoly is evident where a firm is the sole seller of its product and if its product does not have close substitutes, as discussed in (Gans J., King S. Mankiw A. 2003). This essay will discuss the monopoly of petroleum by The Organization Of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC), particularly how it controls the price of petrol, threats to its monopoly and the social costs involved. OPEC was established in the 1960s and ever since, SaudiRead MoreMaximizing Profits in Market Structures Paper1129 Words   |  5 Pagesof firms that are competing in that market, along with factors such as: the ways in which these firms are alike or different, and the obstacles that exist in any new firms entering that market. In this report I will discuss Competitive Markets, Monopolies, and Oligopolies. I will point out what role each of the market structure play in the economy. This report will list the characteristics of each market structure. I will share how the price is determined in each market structure in terms of maximizingRead MoreMonopoly and Perfect Competition1045 Words   |  5 Pages ADP11/12/EX/MBA/0916 What is the difference between monopoly and perfect competition? Firm under perfect competition and the firm under monopoly are similar as the aim of both the seller is to maximize profit and to minimize loss. The equilibrium position followed by both the monopoly and perfect competition is MR = MC. Despite their similarities, these two forms of market organization differ from each other in respect of price-cost-output. There are many points of difference which are notedRead MoreMultiple Choice1387 Words   |  6 PagesChapter 15 Monopoly 1. Monopolies use their market leverage to a. charge prices that equal minimum average total cost. b. attain normal profits in the long run. c. restrict output and increase price. d. dump excess supplies of their product on the market. ANSWER: c restrict output and increase price. SECTION: 1 OBJECTIVE: 1 2. If government officials break a natural monopoly up into several smaller firms, then a. competition will force firms to attainRead MoreExam Guide Econs1039 Words   |  5 Pagestotal cost function C = 640 + 20Q. What is the profit-maximizing level of output? What are profits? Graph the marginal revenue, marginal cost, and demand curves, and show the area that represents deadweight loss on the graph. 3. In question 2, what would price and output be if the firm priced at socially efficient (competitive) levels? What is the magnitude of the deadweight loss caused by monopoly pricing? 4. Show that if a firm is a natural monopoly, a government policy that forces marginal costRead MoreThe Price of Diamonds Is Too High The price of diamonds has been controlled, up until recently, by1700 Words   |  7 Pagesdiamond industry. It both created and lost the most powerful monopoly in history. Through a discussion of how the cartels operate and the laws of demand and supply, one will be able to determine whether the price of diamonds is too high. History of De Beers Cecil Rhodes created De Beers, which became the owner of most of the diamond mines in South Africa. De Beers Consolidated Mines Ltd., was formed in 1888. This created a monopoly on all production and distribution of diamonds in South Africa

My Personal Philosophy Of Innovation - 1370 Words

Philosophy of innovation â€Å"There is no escaping change- except for death! Thus it makes good and prudent sense to learn as much as on can about the nature of change, including how to embrace it and how to maximize positive changes†(Porter_ O’Grady Malloch,2016.p.4). It is important for a leader to understand her own philosophy of innovation and leadership to be effective in the workplace. In this course, I learned how to develop my philosophy of innovation and leadership, and how to create my own personal mission based on my ethics and core values to be effective DNP leader in the future. Personal philosophy of innovation â€Å"Innovation is definitely not self-starting or self-perpetuating. People make it happen through their imagination, will power, and perseverance† (Kelley and Littman.2005.p. 6). I believe that an innovation leader is a person who empower himself with knowledge and skills to support others and create a change. My personal definition of innovation is â€Å"when people work hard to create a change and transfer their positive ideas into actions.† My personal philosophy of innovation is influenced by the book The Ten Faces of Innovation. From this book I learned that people can play different roles in their lives to be a good innovators. For example, in a hospital the head nurse can play the Anthropologist role and come up with new insights to help new staff to succeed in their nursing journey and encourage them to be more effective. â€Å" The anthropologist brings newShow MoreRelatedMy Personal Philosophy Of Innovation1290 Words   |   6 PagesNursing Innovation and Leadership: A Personal Philosophy To embrace the person that you are, in a time and place where everyone seems to be telling you that you should be everything but the person that you are, is a daunting but worthwhile challenge. I believe that it is in the acceptance of our true selves, imperfections and all, that we gain the ability to view others through a lens colored with compassion and acceptance. It is then that we can become a leader who is self-aware and emotionallyRead MoreMy Personal Philosophy Of Innovation1384 Words   |  6 Pages Philosophy of Innovation Hussah Bubshait Arizona State University- College of Nursing and Health Innovation Philosophy of innovation â€Å"There is no escaping change- except for death! Thus it makes good and prudent sense to learn as much as on can about the nature of change, including how to embrace it and how to maximize positive changes†(Porter_ O’Grady Malloch,2016.p.4). It is important for a leader to understand her own philosophy of innovation and leadership to be effective inRead MoreA Personal Philosophy Of Education Essay1164 Words   |  5 PagesA Personal Philosophy of Education Introduction â€Å"Being reflective involves thinking about what one is doing, and why, before, during, and after the act of doing it (Sweitzer, 2003 p.264). I believe self-knowledge of the professor is critical for meaningful learning to occur. Self-knowledge through reflection allows the professor to embrace teaching through the eyes of a scholar; thus providing a diverse learning environment supporting engagement and motivation of the learner. This paper describesRead MoreThe Key Principles Of My Personal Leadership Philosophy1484 Words   |  6 PagesA leadership philosophy is something that is in constant development. According to Dr. Sosic, an individual’s leadership philosophy evolves as new life events influence and change the individual’s view of the world. If a person sees or experiences something in practice, he believes to be in-line with his own values; he should adapt it to his own personal leadership philosophy. Major Jonathan Sawtelle, in his book Resilient E ffective Adaptable Leadership talks about how a â€Å"shared purpose must beRead MoreMy Personal Philosophy Of Nursing1353 Words   |  6 Pages Personal Philosophy of Nursing April B. Lalumiere GNUR501: Evidence Based Communication Cheryl Slusher Indiana Wesleyan University February 4, 2015 I have read and understand the plagiarism policy as outlined in the syllabus and the sections in the Catalog relating to the IWU Honesty/Cheating Policy. By affixing this statement to the title page of my paper, I certify that I have not cheated or plagiarized in the process of completing this assignment. If it is found that cheating and/orRead MoreA Personal Philosophy Of Education869 Words   |  4 Pageshealthcare field continues to evolve so must the nursing education system. Personal Philosophy of Education A personal philosophy of education is important to all Nurse Educators. It allows for the Nurse Educator to truly take time to reflect and reconnect to themselves and their profession; highlighting what is central and sacred to them as an individual, a nurse, and an educator. I believe that my personal philosophy of education will continue to progress and change just as healthcare and ourRead MoreThe Principles Of The Competing Values Framework1457 Words   |  6 Pagesdifferentiates the high performing managers from their counterparts (Hart Quinn, 1993). Upon completing the CVF survey, I discovered that as a manager my strengths lay most of the roles except that of an innovator. The innovator role requires a manager to think creatively and promote change, an area that I struggle with the most. Innovation has always been my weakness as I have been content and comfortable with following the road that has been paved for me. It is evident that I lack certain traits thatRead MoreAnita Roddick809 Words   |  4 Pages2. How do you evaluate Anita Roddick’s management philosophy and style? How important a contribution did she make to the creation of The Body Shop? How important is her role in its ongoing management? Anita Roddick’s Management Philosophy amp; Style 1. PHILOSOPHY The 4 basic management functions of Planning, Organizing, Leading amp; Controlling can be analyzed in detail for drawing a picture of Anita Roddick’s Management Philosophy for The Body Shop. 1. Planning * First majorRead MoreEducational Leadership Platform : Philosophy Of Education830 Words   |  4 PagesEducational Leadership Platform Philosophy of Education Education is necessary for progression into the future for a society as a whole. My administrative belief is that education has to have equal opportunities for all; educating society with relevant, meaningful standards to enhance students personally and academic prosperity on a global scale. Understanding students’ needs and their complexity of development will magnify the successes within each of us resulting in an educated society. EducationRead MoreLeadership Development : A Strategic Approach820 Words   |  4 Pagessum up my learning are awareness, assessment, feedback, evaluation, and authenticity as these words embrace the concepts and principles of positive psychology, such as strength-based coaching, emotion regulation, and emotional intelligence as they are associated with my philosophy of leadership. My philosophy of leadership and my future leadership development plan and ideals evolved from various course room discussions, video presentations, literature reviews, and the incorporation of my personal

Italy Essay Summary Example For Students

Italy Essay Summary IntroductionItaly is located northwest of France and south of Austria and Switzerland. The estimated population of Italy is 58,262,000 as of 1995. In addition to the mainland Italy also has two large islands in the Mediterranean Sea called Sicily and Sardinia as well as some smaller islands called Capri, Ischia, Elba, and Lipari Islands. The capital of Italy is Rome and this city is also the largest of all of the cities in Italy People and Birth RateThe great majority of the population in Italy naturally speaks Italian. Although there are many different dialects throughout the country but they are to be generalized as Italian. In addition to the Italian speaking community there are small German, French, and Slavic speaking minorities located in Italy. In Italy the main religion that is practiced is Roman Catholic. The birth rate of Italian women is 1.2 children. This is a statistic that has been falling for many years. This is about half of the birth rate of an American women. At thi s rate, Italys population will fall by nearly a third in 50 years, from about 57 million to about 41 million. Literacy RateDefinition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 98% Business Economics and ExportsItaly began to industrialize late in comparison to other European nations, and until World War II was largely an agricultural country. However, after 1950 industry was developed rapidly so that by the 1990s industry contributed about 35% of the annual gross domestic product and agriculture less than 4%. The principal farm products are fruits, sugar beets, corn, tomatoes, potatoes, soybeans, grain, olives and olive oil, and livestock (especially cattle, pigs, sheep, and goats). In addition, much wine is produced from grapes grown throughout the country. There is a small fishing industry. Industry is centered in the north, particularly in the golden triangle of Milan-Turin-Genoa. Italys economy has been gradually diversifying, shifting from food and textiles to engineering, steel, and chemical products. The chief manufactures of the country include iron, steel, and other metal products; refined petroleum; chemicals; electrical and non electrical machinery; motor vehicles; textiles and clothing; printed materials; and plastics. Although many of Italys important industries are state-owned, the trend in recent years has been toward privatization. The service sector has growing importance in Italy; by the early 1990s it employed well over half of the labor force. Italy has only limited mineral resources and has consistently increased its mineral imports; the chief minerals produced are petroleum (especially in Sicily), lignite, iron ore, iron pyrites, bauxite, sulfur, mercury, and marble. There are also large deposits of natural gas (methane), and much hydroelectricity is generated. Italy, however, is still greatly dependent on oil to meet its energy requirements, and most of it must be imported. Italy has a large foreign trade, facilitated by its sizable commercial shipping fleet. The leading exports are textiles and wearing apparel, metals, machinery, motor vehicles, and chemicals; the main imports are machinery, transport equipment, chemicals, food and food products, and minerals (especially petroleum). Tourism is a major source of foreign exchange. The chief trade partners are Germany, France, the United States, and Great Britain. The nation has greatly improved its highway system in the postwar years, especially in the South. Italys economy has deceptive strength because it is supported by a substantial underground economy that functions outside government controls. Despite significant government progress in the 1990s in its war against organized crime, the Mafia continues to exert a strong influence in S Italy, often hindering governmental programs aimed at integrating the region more fully economically and politically into the national scene. The spread of drugs has become a major problem in Italy, which has the highest incidence of drug addiction in Europe. .u9f056e738d9e6900e90d359441feecee , .u9f056e738d9e6900e90d359441feecee .postImageUrl , .u9f056e738d9e6900e90d359441feecee .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u9f056e738d9e6900e90d359441feecee , .u9f056e738d9e6900e90d359441feecee:hover , .u9f056e738d9e6900e90d359441feecee:visited , .u9f056e738d9e6900e90d359441feecee:active { border:0!important; } .u9f056e738d9e6900e90d359441feecee .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u9f056e738d9e6900e90d359441feecee { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u9f056e738d9e6900e90d359441feecee:active , .u9f056e738d9e6900e90d359441feecee:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u9f056e738d9e6900e90d359441feecee .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u9f056e738d9e6900e90d359441feecee .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u9f056e738d9e6900e90d359441feecee .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u9f056e738d9e6900e90d359441feecee .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u9f056e738d9e6900e90d359441feecee:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u9f056e738d9e6900e90d359441feecee .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u9f056e738d9e6900e90d359441feecee .u9f056e738d9e6900e90d359441feecee-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u9f056e738d9e6900e90d359441feecee:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Scholarship Essay Master of Arts in PsychologyCurrencyThe Italians currency is conducted in the form of Lira. Below is the current currency conversion chart for the Italian Lira. This chart was provided by wwww.x-rates.comTo Italian LiraIn Italian LiraAustralian Dollars0.000871145.15478Austrian Schillings0.00711140.71423Belgian Francs0.0208347.99888Brazilian Real0.000951054.94126British Pounds0.000333026.06737Canadian Dollars0.000731370.47173Chinese Renminbi0.00401249.51982Danish Kroner0.00386258.86020European Monetary Union0.000521936.27000Finnish Markka0.00307325.65724French Francs0.00339295.18246German Marks0.00101989.99913Hong Kong Dollars0.00378264.82749Indian Rupees0 .0224844.48794Irish Punt0.000412458.55575Japanese Yen0.0564617.71201Malaysian Ringgit0.00184543.57237Mexican New Pesos0.00474211.09606Netherlands Guilders0.00114878.64102New Zealand Dollars0.00108922.69235Norwegian Kroner0.00425235.22696Portuguese Escudo0.103549.65807Singapore Dollars0.000841188.95700South African Rand0.00381262.46188South Korean Won0.617311.61993Spanish Pesetas0.0859311.63722Sri Lanka Rupee0.0412524.24384Swedish Krona0.00461217.01776Swiss Francs0.000791261.80513Taiwan Dollars0.0157863.38064Thai Baht0.0208847.89184United States Dollar0.000482065.57499Venezuelan Bolivar0.338892.95082GovernmentUnder the 1948 constitution, legislative power is vested in a bicameral parliament consisting of the 630-member chamber of deputies, which is popularly elected, and the senate, made up of 315 members elected by region, plus 11 life members. The chamber is the more important body. The council of ministers, led by the premier, is the countrys executive; it must have the confidence of parliament. The head of state is the president, chosen in a joint session by parliament. The country is divided into 20 regions, which are subdivided into a total of 94 provinces. The countrys 20 regions also have parliaments and governments with limited powers. In 1989 the Italian judicial system was significantly changed, allowing for cross-examination of witnesses and the assumption of innocence on the part of the defendant. Market PotentialsAs you can see Italy seems to import many goods because they are not fit to the manufacturing and development needs of todays market. Italy shows potential, in fact Italys economy is on the rise and has been for a few years now. I would say if I had to market in a specific product area that it would be in the biotech arena. My sole decision lies on the great progress that the U.S. has had in recent years in this field. Biotechs offer incredible solutions for todays medical issues and they are constantly making breakthroughs. I think there is a market for these goods in the Country of Italy because there is economy is getting stronger every year and their need for technology is also growing. BibliographyVitualitaly.comFactmonster.comYournation.comX-Rates.comMicrosoft Encarta Copyright 1999

The Raven Essay Example

The Raven Paper lattice a structure of crisscrossed strips commonly wood or metal that forms a pattern of openings beguile to influence by deceit; to trick placid calm; peaceful; undisturbed respite a period of rest or relief, as from work or sorrow balm something that heals or soothes, as an ointment he is trying to distract himself from his sorrow Why is the speaker reading at the beginning of the poem? He moves from grief to curiosity to fear and fore boding How would you describe his emotional state in the first six stanzas? He is startled and yet amused What is the speakers first reaction to the Ravens entrance? He is relieved to be distracted from his melancholy mood Why does he react to the Raven that way? He thinks that he came from the underworld Where does the speaker think the raven came from at first? The speakers soul will never be lifted from the shadow What will never be lifted from the Ravens shadow? The future will probably be one of despair What does the future probably hold for the speaker? The repetition of consonant sounds at the beginnings of words What is Alliteration? to look out for the speaker What is the Ravens main purpose? it unifies the poem and adds to the mystery of the Ravens arrival and ability to speak What is the effect of the repetition of the ravens single word, nevermore? the word nevermore is appropriate Is the word appropriate in the context of the poem, or would some other word have been as effective? The speaker wants his lost lenore What does the speaker want? Poes purpose was to write a poem that would create a mood of melancholy and portray a speaker haunted by memories of his lost love How would you describe Poes purpose in writing this poem? The poems enduring popularity is evidence that Poe achieved his purpose Did Poe achieve his purpose with this poem? The speaker, who is a man distraught over the loss of lenore, someone he loved, and the raven, a large bird that taps on the speakers window and repeats only 1 word. Who were the characters in this poem? the speaker feels curiosity about the Raven , yet when the birds single response continues to make sense in the context of his thoughts and outbursts of speech, he begins to look upon it as a prophet sent by God or the devil. The raven destroys any hope the speaker has about reuniting with lenore after death What is the plot? the speakers chamber at midnight on a cold dreary night in December What ia the setting? Details such as darkness, midnight dreary, fantastic terrors, and omnious bird, as well as details about the speakers distress, create a haunting mysterious mood that reflects Romanticisms dark side Which details contribute to the mood of this poem, and how do they illustrate the dark side of Romanticism? Death, loss, suffering, sorrow, evil, memory of death and loss; our worst nightmares What does the Raven Symbolize or represent in this poem? Like death, loss, and suffering, the raven is part of the speakers life and will remain so. The raven casts a shadow on the speakers life and seems to threaten the speaker. He comes unexpectedly and acts as it pleases without any concern for the effect it has on others. What theme or main idea do you think this symbolizes?

Leadership Behavior Research Paper Example

Leadership Behavior Research Paper Example Leadership Behavior Paper Leadership Behavior Paper The leadership style and behavior of Larry Ellison are as follow: Behavioral Approach: Larry Ellison behavior with its employees and subordinates are as follow; Ohio State Leadership Studies: 1 . Initiating structure: According to this study Larry Ellison shows behavior of Initiating structure because he always wants best talent and productivity. He wants to compete with Microsoft and required 100 % results from his employees. 2. Consideration: He shows little consideration toward it employees but when a project was successfully completed by his employees, he gave a high party to his employees on their achievement. Michigan Leadership studies: According to this theory Larry Ellison exhibits following behavior; 1 . Task-oriented Behavior: Larry Ellison is more task-oriented toward his employees than relations-oriented. He needs perfect work and sometime he became abused toward his employees, friends and foes when company decreases its productivity. 2. Relations-oriented behavior: Larry Ellison is little bit supportive and relation- oriented. But mostly he hired his own friends in the company so that he can easily work with them in a friendly environment. A Three-Dimensional Model: According to this model Larry Ellison show more Task-oriented, little Relations- Oriented and Change-oriented Behavior. Change-oriented behavior is that he always go for quickly adopting opportunities and theft the ideas of competitors and quickly transform his processes. Participation: Larry Ellison is Autocratic Leader. He transformed himself into a driven, disciplined warrior a self-styled New Age samurai, when his sales force sell future licenses to employees and failed to deliver them. Delegation: He gets back all authorities from its employees and become harsh leader when his ales force sell future licenses to employees and failed to deliver them. He delegates power only to his friend whom he hired in his company. Empowerment: Larry Ellison does not believe in empowering employees. He said if company wants to motivate employees it is needed to bring new human capital management tools rather than empowered employees. He said human capital is precious asset of company. Other theories and Behaviors Achievement-oriented Behavior: Mr Ellison focused on achievements, he always wants best results. Supportive: Mr Ellison always wanted things to be done the way he felt they should be done and mimed to always know how to respond and what action to take in almost every business-related decision. So even when a problem arose he always seem to know the proper action to take, demonstrating almost flawlessly situational theory. Situational Theory: The situational theory also plays a major role in Larry success. Situational theory is a leadership theory in which those in charge choose to adjust their leadership style to match a particular situation. Mr Ellison had a strong will that enabled his company to adapt quickly to the shifting markets demand and sudden competitive threats kicker than more structured organizations. After taking a big loss in the sasss, Oracle had to come up with some new changes and ideas. Mr Ellison approached this problem by creating a team of software specialist to come up with new projects. Leadership Member Exchange Theory their position through a series of exchange agreements with their members. Robert Miner and Edward Dates were a part of the In group of the organization, because they were two of the men who were closest to Mr Ellison. The book expresses Mr Ellison characteristics as of a cheerleader; by the way he builds an energetic environment that keeps employees on the Job until the products are completed. After the success of the projects, the inner groups are invited to very elegant, very expensive parties the other members, who werent as close to Mr Ellison, were all considered to be a part of the Out group. Power 1 . Legitimate Power: Larry Ellison is CEO of company so he has formal authority over work activities. 2. Reward Power: Larry only rewarded the brightest and most talented people of his organization. This sparked a strong competitive spirit within his organization. 3. Expert Power: Larry Ellison has full technical expertise in software development. 4. Information Power: Larry Ellison has complete information about its company and competitors. He is only weak in handling financial information of company. Influence Process: Instrumental Compliance: Larry Ellison influences his employees by giving direct rewards or punishment for required action. Outcome of Power and Influence Process: Power and Influence process of Larry Ellison is results in compliance in which he influenced the target persons behavior not their attitude. Larry was a charismatic, and has the ability to draw others to them. Transactional leadership: Transactional leadership focuses on the foundational management process of controlling, organizing, and short-term planning. This theory of leadership involves motivation, reward and punishment as the primary means of getting the follower to obey those in charge. Mr Ellison focused on objectives, roles of the organization and the performance of the employees on a daily basis. Mr Ellison was an authority compliant leader, who felt that the best way to be effective was to be directive to his employees, showing them exactly what he wanted. He also kept an open door policy f employees needed help on difficult projects to ensure that the products that they produced had little to no bugs in its systems. Conclusion: It is concluded that Larry Ellison is a man of mix characteristics he is both task- oriented and people-oriented. He sometimes used power of his money for his friends. He likes successful people including Bill Gates. He is an autocratic, transactional and charismatic leader. Outcomes of his behavior, power and influences include more compliance with little personalization.

15 College Halloween Costume Ideas

15 College Halloween Costume Ideas Forget finals, exams and mid-term papers: coming up with a costume idea for Halloween is real pressure. If youre sweating over what youll be dressing up as this year and want to avoid the tired out plays on pirates, zombies and vampires, we have 15 unique costume ideas that will score you points with fellow party-goers and overage trick-or-treaters. These unique ideas can be a great jumping off point to create your own look or to improve on great costumes of the past. 1. Favorite Internet Meme Every year brings its own crop of viral internet memes and heres your chance to celebrate your favorite. You can dress up as Grumpy Cat, Good Guy Greg, your favorite LOL cat or a combination of any of your favorite internet memes from the past several years. 2. Forgotten Comic Book Heroes Sure the X-Men, Superman and Batman get plenty of notice but what about Swamp Thing, Thor or If you want to show off your Geek Cred, dress up as Halk Kar, a superhero who had many of the same powers as Superman but to a lesser degree. Halk Kar was briefly thought to be Supermans older brother but it turned out he was from a different planet – Thoron – and was eventually scrapped by DC Comics. 3. Your Younger Self Break out the acid wash jeans, Dippity Do gel and velcro high tops. Dress up as your middle school or junior high self. Bonus points for dressing up as your Kindergarten self with accompanying yearbook photo. 4. Sexy Vader Pair up that Darth Vader mask with fetish PVC gear for a unique look sure to turn some heads. 5. Reality Show Fast Forward Pick your favorite (or your least favorite) reality show personality and dress as you predict theyll wind up 20 years from now. 6. Made by Lego Drag out that plastic bin of Legos and start building. People online have started developing instructions, blueprints and tips for building masks from plain Lego blocks. Use their instructions to create Star Wars inspired masks or create your own and upload it. 7. Lego Man Its also easy and fun to dress up as the original Lego Man. Use Large Construction Tubing to make his head (it will need to fit over your own head) and cover with Yellow Duct Tape. Build a blocky red shirt with cardboard and red tape or contact paper. Cut arm holes in the sides and wear a long sleeved red tee shirt underneath. Finish it off with black trousers and yellow rubber gloves. 8. Loading †¦. Get a picture of your own face or of a celebrity or whoever you want to use as a mask. Run it through an online filter to pixelate it and go as a slow loading jpeg or an 8-bit version of that person. 9. A Suessy Solution Going as your favorite Dr. Seuss character can take some planning. Hit up cosplay friends for tips on making sweeping takes, furry hats and prosthetic makeup to make the characters come to life. 10. Zipper Face Grab yourself a zipper either from those jeans that will never fit again or pick up a new one at a fabric store. Paint the whole thing (unzipped) with clear nail polish so it wont turn your face green and then use spirit gum or facial adhesive to plaster it half zipped onto your face. You can do down your nose and have the zipper open right over your mouth or go side to side. Paint each section of your face a different color or use it as a foundation for a monstrous makeover. The use of a real zipper adds a lot to the impact of the costume. Find out more on how to apply Halloween makeup from one of our blog posts. 11. Going as a Group Planning your costume with a group of friends opens a world of ideas. Gather up a few of your best mates and go as a group of Tetris pieces Paper, Rock, Scissors the Spice Girls the Evolution of Madonna the South Park gang Calvin and Hobbes 12. The World in Black White Use monochrome clothes, face paint, black lipstick and dark accessories to go as yourself in Black White. 13. Get Punny If youre a fan of word play, dress as a pun. A bra and two cups of spice bottles turns you into an instant Spice Rack. If you have red hair (and youre a guy) you can tie some bread around your neck and wist and go as a Gingerbread Man. 14. Frame It If youre willing to support a cardboard frame for the evening, you have several options. Framed options include the Mona Lisa walking FaceBook live action YouTube Video 15. Not Dressing Up is Still a Costume If you find yourself at the 11th hour with no costume, no money and no time, dont despair. Grab a white t-shirt and a sharpie and write Error 404: Costume Not Found. You may not win any prizes but at least it counts as a costume. By the way, this costume remains on top of the list for years. Weve even added it to our list of The Best Halloween Costumes for College Guys. Bonus Clowns are really creepy. If you want all your friends be scared of you, try to wear a clown costume. There are many variations of it; therefore, weve completed the entire blog post with Scary Clown Costume Ideas for This Halloween. Have an epic costume idea? Share it below!

Journals Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Journals - Coursework Example ould consider transferring part of share premium to profits for the company to comply with the law and be able to utilize the available finances to pay dividends and as such be able to acquire further finances from shareholders. Lack of debentures and loan notes means that the company is entirely financed through share capital. Gearing ratio= (Long term debt short term debt+ bank overdrafts / shareholders equity). A high gearing ratio means the company is mainly financed through debt capital. However, low gearing ratio indicates that a company is financed mostly by share capital. The problem of financing a company mostly by share capital is that in the event of poor performance whereby a company continuously makes losses, the shareholder may decline to commit their monies further in such a business (Ariff and Hassan, 2008). Nevertheless, the company can acquire finances from other providers of capital if it has a mixed debt structure. Profitability ratios determine the ability of a business to generate profits after netting all the expenses incurred during the year. A high ratio is indicative of good performance whereas lower rate shows the business is performing poorly. These ratios include: Gross profit is difference obtained between sales turnover and cost of goods or services. The higher the gross margin, the more profit a company charges for its goods. The ratio of 0.31 is quite small in relation to sales made. This means the company is charging very low margins. This ratio captures gives the figure of how much a company makes or loses from its sales. Primarily, it indicates company’s level of performance as it accounts other components of operating income other than cost of sales. The ratio of 0.09 indicates the profits are relatively low compared to sales made. This ratio is also commonly known as quick ratio. It measures the current liquidity position of a company. This is achieved by weighing the current assets against current liabilities (Kaminski

What different kinds of immigration to Europe have there been since Essay

What different kinds of immigration to Europe have there been since World War II, and why - Essay Example xxx). After the end of the World War, numerous types of immigration policies were set up. The explanation for these policies were chiefly economic; however, in some cases they were also political (Parsons, Smeeding, pp. 310). However, there is no doubt that after 1945, Europe is marked as the continent that received an overall net flow (Salt, pp. 3). In addition, these migrations happened over a series of decades. Various dynamics and various states are involved. One type of immigration occurred within Europe. Western Europe consisted of the wealthier nations. These countries began employing labor from the less wealthy nations. Due to the imperative need for work force to rebuild the countries after the war, and the shortage of labor due to loss of military personnel, the European Voluntary Worker scheme was set up. The recruitment by Britain of about 200,000 male workers from refugee camps in Italy happened between the period of 1945 and 1951. The laws governing this immigration wer e quite harsh, since the regulations were quite severe. They were literally bonded labor with no rights to family reunions and their misconduct could lead to their expulsion. These people were largely known as ‘guest workers’. This system had provided the countries with the necessary labor to build the economies that were worn out by the war. However, at the beginning, as mentioned above, the guest worker system was highly strict. Eventually, the need to hold on to these workers led to the relaxation of some rules especially when it came to family reunions. This eventually led to the admittance of women as immigrants (Toro-Morn & Alicea pp.xxi). In addition, certain guest workers also came from Mediterranean countries to meet the growing demand for labor. This immigration played a prominent role in the 1950s and until the mid 1970s. Italy was the most important recipient ant of these types of guest workers (Nijkamp, pp. 66). Countries like Germany, which were devastated by the war, had to recuperate. After the construction of the Berlin Wall in 1961, the inflow of East German workers had stopped. Hence, there was a shortage of workers (Jennissen, pp.128). Therein, became an inflow of workers. By 1970, West Germany almost had 2.1 million foreign workers (Nijkamp, pp.66). A very prominent type of immigration that occurred in the post war era was due to the decolonization process. Many French, British, Portuguese colonies had acquired freedom after the war, because these nations could not simply afford to keep their colonies intact. This led to the influx of people in two ways. The European colonial officers and colonists all returned to Europe. Besides that, various countries notably Great Britain, France, Belgium, the Netherlands and Portugal, all documented a large number of immigration from their former colonies (Nijkamp, pp.66). London Transport enlisted members directly from the New Commonwealth countries that included African countries, the In dian sub-continent, and the Caribbean. A number of people also arrived directly in search for better employment pursuits. Contrary to the strict regulations imposed upon the guest workers, around 350, 000 Irish men moved with their families in the period 1945 to 1959, and faced no such restrictions. They enjoyed full civil rights. Most of this type of migration was centered on three empires; Dutch, French and Portuguese, and these migrations had received a large amount of scholarly interest. It is because after Britain, they were one of the largest

Demonstrative Communication Essay Example for Free

Demonstrative Communication Essay Communication is often defined as the transmission of sending and receiving messages; connecting with individuals through the exchange of messages, thoughts, speech, signals, behavior, or writing. Communication can be verbal or nonverbal, written or visual. Oral communication includes spoken words and writing dialogues. Not involving or using words of speech is known as nonverbal communication. Facial expressions, body posture, eye contact, or gestures are part of nonverbal communication. Written communication can be through e-mails, reports, articles and many other ways. Facial expressions are a form of demonstrative communication. Communicating includes different facial expressions, tone of voice, or body language to deliver the message. A smile is an example of a positive facial expression, and a frown will be viewed in a more negative manner. Some interpret a grin as arrogance, which obviously would have a negative effect. The audience could take this in the wrong manner and create an isolated situation. Depending on the subject that is being discussed it is up to the lecturer to bring out the right facial expressions. If the subject relies on a more serious matter, the lecturer should not frown but instead maintain a serious face to get the point across. If there is a sense of comedy in the discussion or presentation, the lecturer needs to maintain some laughter as well as smiling during the presentation. Body language is another form of demonstrative communication. Body language can push to be very successful in many situations including social interaction and communication with people. A negative type of body language would be someone crossing their arms. Even if the intention and words are still good, the body language over powers that and the audience still views this as a negative vibe. Another important and effective part of body language is eye contact. When lecturing to an audience, direct eye contact with the audience indicates confidence and a vast knowledge of the topic of discussion. Hand gestures and moving back and forth in front of an audience during a lecture can be helpful to keep the attention of the audience. These nonverbal forms of communication add to the message the lecturer is trying to get across. However, moving too much can cause a negative affect because it can cause a distraction. Nonverbal communication is very important to our communication process. Included in nonverbal communication are things such as facial expressions, gestures, eye contact, posture and even the tone of one’s voice. During a lecture, the speaker will use different methods to get with the audience, playing a big role as well will be one’s voice and how it is used to relay the message. One can change the tone and tempo of talking; and can connect with the audience more effectively. When we speak, other people can â€Å"read† our voices in addition to listening to our words. These nonverbal speech sounds provide subtle but powerful clues into our true feelings and intentions. When speaking to an audience maintaining the focus of the group is important. Raising our voice when losing the attention of the audience is a technique used to emphasize a particular point during a lecture. When a speaker talks in a monotone voice there is a chance of quickly losing the attention of the group the lecturer is speaking too and can cause to miss important parts of the lecture. Demonstrative communication as a sender means showing and saying what we want them to hear. By saying to the audience that the lecturer needs them to listen better, as the lecturer is looking at the phone is like saying one thing and showing the audience another, proving the distractions are not good for either side. Also it would be important not to have a big smile on one’s face or to look as if they are laughing. In contrast, by the lecturer telling the audience that they need them to listen better while looking them in the eye and being firm with the tone of voice and holding a straight and focused look, the lecturer is communicating to them via mouth, eyes, and tone of voice that the audience needs to listen and pay attention. Also during this communication, it would be good to expect feedback from the audience. This would show the audience that one is serious, and could show the lecturer if the audience is truly paying attention and show how well the audience will receive the information being communicated to them. The receiver would need to hold eye contact to show that they understand the information. In conclusion, creating the ability to understand and use nonverbal communication is very effective. Using body language to carry out positive feelings would help you express ones thought out to the public a little easier. Therefore, being able to communicate send and receive a massage thoroughly with the audience being able to understand. Using facial expressing such as body movement, eye contact is a very effective way to demonstrative communication. REFERENCES Cheesebro, T., O’Connor, L., Rios, F. (2010). Communicating in the workplace.

Understanding Vs. Knowing in Atwood’s Oryx and Crake Essay -- Literary

It is often simpler to settle for an understanding of the world and people around us instead of trying to know the truth. Truth has consequences; by knowing too much, one can lose a friend, learn a deadly secret, or become someone they do not want to be. To express his understanding of himself and the world around him, Crake in Oryx and Crake uses quote-bearing fridge magnets. One very important quote is â€Å"We understand more than we know†. It is important to recognize the difference between the terms "understand" and "know"; the Oxford English Dictionary defines "to understand" as to perceive the significance, explanation, or cause of, whereas "to know" is to be absolutely certain or sure about something. There is certainly a difference, as understanding suggests ideas, and knowledge suggests facts. Prior to the Crake's devastation of the human race in Oryx and Crake, characters understand more than they know in their awareness of human nature. However, the only survivors of this catastrophe are those who, inversely, know more than they understand. This means that Crake, Oryx, and Jimmy have an astute understanding of the world around them, but only later do Snowman and the Crakers show the importance of knowledge in surviving as a species. Crake believes he knows the problems with humankind, and that he also has the solutions. He views humanity as destructive, inefficient, and unsatisfied, and uses his understanding of these flaws to destroy the human race. His scientific background leads him to very accurately understand the biological and psychological characteristics of the human mind and body, of humanity as a whole, but also specifically of his friend Jimmy. Crake understands physical attraction and sex from a strictly ... ...how a newfound capacity to know more than they understand, suggesting the success of humans as a species may rely on never reaching (or never reaching for) a full understanding. Perhaps we should be accepting simply knowing as principle. Works Cited Atwood, Margaret. Oryx and Crake. 1st ed. New York, New York/United States: First Anchor Books, 2004. 374. Print. Davis, Roger. ""a white illusion of a man": Snowman, Survival, and Speculation in Margaret Atwood's "Oryx and Crake"." Hosting the Monster. Ed. Holly Lynn Baumgarter. 1st ed. New York, New York/United States: Rodopi, 2008. 260. Web. 28 May 2012. DiMarco, Danette. "Paradice Lost, Paradise Regained: Homo Faber and the Makings of a New Beginning in Oryx and Crake." Papers on Language & Literature 41 (2005): n.pag. Web. 27 May 2012. Reizner, Chelsea. "Fridge Magnets." (2007): Web. Mar. 2012.

Fenway Park

Some things on this earth are just magical. To some it may be the beach at sunset, to others it may be as simple as the drive to work in the morning. For me that place is Fenway Park in Boston Massachusetts. Going to a game in Fenway is a smorgasbord of delightful feelings. Even the walk up to the ballpark is some thing to behold. Walking with hundreds of passionate fans, all decked out in their red sox T-shirts, jerseys, and of coarse that iconic navy hat with the red B on it. I feel like I belong there with this organized group of strangers.There is such a since of family as I see people from the â€Å"T† car I was on and chatted with. A few hundred yards ahead I could hear a â€Å"Lets Go Red Sox† chant as people around me began to join in it became more enticing to do so myself. After all this was my team, our team, and this was our year! That was the constant attitude of a Sox fan. Just as the team would look like they were primed to make a push for the World Serie s they would lose in heartbreaking fashion and mostly to the hands of the damn Yankees. As me, my uncle, and my dad approach the park down Yawkey Way, the air is filled with a combination of smells.As you pass the sports bars the smell of beer and cigar smoke is thick in the air. As you pass a different vendors the smells of nachos and pretzels tempt you, and finally the smell of †Fenway Franks† (the ball parks signature hot dogs) hit you like a baseball. I’m not just a sports nut but a food fan too, so I enjoy the aromas as they tempt me. The robust scents of sausage and onions fill the air along with smoke from near by grills. As you walk closer and closer to the stadium you are barraged with people shouting â€Å"programs.Get you programs, three dollars out side five inside the park† and scalpers try to sell you â€Å"amazing† or â€Å"best in the park† tickets. As we near the gates I begin to shuffle in my pocket for my ticket. As I get it out I notice the cracks and pops between my Nikes and the asphalt. The sound of boiled peanut shells, plastic spoons, and the occasional lighter or beer can. The slick pavement and lunatic drivers keep me from daydreaming too much but still my mind races as I see the team’s championship banners and I think back to where I was when we won those years. I look down a gated lley that reads â€Å"players and coaches only† and I think If I was just there twenty minutes earlier I would have gotten a glimpse or even a word in with one of my favorite players. As I drift back in to reality I see several long lines at gate A this was unusual but my spirits were to high to be broken. As I slide into what looks like the shortest line my Uncle Geno grabs me and says, â€Å"let’s go† so my dad and I follow him. I was curious where we could be going and I really didn’t want to have to step out of line but I knew geno had something up his sleeve for us.Geno leads us around the perimeter of the park and to gate D. There was almost no line at this gate so we slide in easily. Geno had done it again, always the go to guy on street knowledge and somehow he knew everyone. When we make our way past countless vendor to the tunnel the crowd roars. As I step through the tunnel into the light the glare of the setting July sun hits me. When my eyes finally readjust to the light I look around and almost have trouble with my depth perception because of how big and crowded Fenway is.As we begin our treck to our seats we pass countless passionate fans I look to the scoreboard, the giant Budweiser neon sign, and to the enormous coke bottle and marvel at their size. Then there it is the† Green Monstah† the 39 foot tall left field wall and the luxurious monster seats. The crowd roars again and the home team comes out of the dugout and takes the field. I could feel the excitement as it rose to a fever pitch as my anticipation exploded and I joined i n the Let’s Go Red Sox chant. ~BPM

Effects of Early Marriage Essay

Mark and Jane got married eight years ago. They have two young children. Their initial love and attraction has turned into constant bickering and argument. They now realize how different they are from each other. Every interchange seems to be a battle and is affecting every aspect of their lives. They wonder what happened to the love and affection they felt towards each other at the beginning of their relationship. They have been arguing about money, and how to spend it. Mark thinks his hard work is not appreciated. Jane feels overburdened with taking care of the children, her part-time work and taking care of the most of household duties. They each feel the other is not contributing enough. They do not want to give up on their marriage, and have heard that mediation can be effective in working through the practical problems they face. They hope by learning to appreciate each other’s efforts their love for each other will start to grow again. They have tried individual therapy, marital counseling, and group therapy, without results. The first few years of a marriage are a very intense period of adjustment. It’s very common for the couple to learn differences about each other and encounter extreme bouts of negativity that they never imagined possible. A newly married couple (and any married couple, for that matter) should try anything at their disposal. Sometimes marriage counseling does not work. It does not mean that the marriage is over or that the counseling was insufficient or even that marriage counseling may not work at a future time. Couples need to try different things at different times in order to break the log jam of disillusionment. Marital Mediation or other professional support may help break the impasse. The mediator will explain to Mark and Jane that, just like a new hobby, learning how to be married is a learnable skill. The mediator will teach them conflict resolution skills that they can begin to practice at home. Things can improve at home, and Mark and Jane can continue to work on (and enjoy) their marriage. They might even try counseling again (perhaps with a different therapist), and may find that they are ready to gain insight from it.

John Stuart Mills liberty principle Essays

John Stuart Mills liberty principle Essays John Stuart Mills liberty principle Paper John Stuart Mills liberty principle Paper Essay Topic: Law On Liberty In order to critically examine this particular principle and its influence, it is necessary to look at the background of the principle so that it can be studied in context. John Stuart Mill developed the liberty principle in his work On Liberty (1). Mills definition of liberty is pursuing our own good in our own way and he believed it to be one of the most important elements of well-being. Mills conviction was that it was better that a man choose to live his life the wrong way than be made to live the right way. Mill was influenced by Alexis de Tocqueville, whose work, Democracy in America (2) opened Mills eyes to how democracy exposed liberty to new dangers. The driving force of democracy is the will of the majority and Mill was concerned that this left every aspect of life exposed to social scrutiny and regulation, and he feared the tyranny of the majority (3). He felt that democracy, if left unrestrained, could pose a threat to the minority and individual autonomy. The two great values of democracy; majority rule and minority liberty are often incompatible and Mill was one of the first to investigate this unresolved area in his essay On Liberty. On Liberty concerned the nature and limits of power which can be legitimately exercised by society over the individual (4), he sought to distinguish the destructive oppression of minority views from the legitimate exercise of democratic power. Mills motivation was to seek an additional principle that would not leave matters to custom or popular morality. A principle that could define the areas in which it would be legitimate for society (or the will of the majority) to exercise authority, from those areas where people should have freedom (5). Mill hoped that On Liberty would offer potential guidelines for legislation and encourage a more tolerant culture. There are two main principles in the essay, the first being the liberty principle (or harm principle) outlined in the question. The principle advocates that the interference of liberty is only warranted where it is necessary in order to prevent harm to others. Mill qualifies the principle by saying it is only applicable to human beings in the maturity of their faculties, therefore excluding children or those who require care from others (6), and mentions that omissions to act having consequential harm may also be an exception. In On Liberty Mill raised his own concerns about the principles adequacy before offering his second principle. The reason for questioning his own ideal is to open the area up for discussion, to attain the readers understanding of the problem and engage her critical attention. He is not seeking to assert the infallible truth of this doctrine. The liberty principle is blunt in delivering its message but Mill feels the two objections he raised attacking its plausibility will not affect the second principle. His first objection was how can any action be purely self-regarding? Mill recognises the assumption that most, if not all of our actions will affect the interests of another. Mill accepted there is a right of society to ward off crimes by antecedent precautions, which runs contrary to liberty principle. He gave the example of drunkenness being justifiably prohibited where the person has a history of harming others when drunk (7), believing that the danger of harm would outweigh the individuals right to drink alcohol. The second objection to his principle was that society may have an obligation to intervene to prevent a person from self harm. Mill believed that government interference with the individual for paternalist reasons was indefensible, believing it can never be in the interests of the individual to suppress the exercise and development of her own abilities of critical choice, but realised that others may raise this objection. Mills second principle states that a person need only be subject to the will of the majority to prevent the violation of a distinct and assignable obligation to any other person or persons. A distinct and assignable obligation is a distinct expectation which another is obligated to honour. Not actions are caught under obligation and not all obligations are distinct and assignable, the types of harm Mill suggested warrant protection are those that violate our rights. Mills second principle is essentially a qualification of the first principle and a criterion to define actions that should be regulated and those which should not. What were Mills influences and how did his ideas develop? John Stuart Mill was the son of James Mill who was a disciple of John Bentham (8) and a believer of the mind being a tabula rasa (9) on which every experience is recorded. James Mill began his sons education at home with this new psychology in mind, and the experimental education consequentially led to his sons breakdown at the age of 21. During this period Mill developed his own take on the positivist (10) utilitarianism that had been drummed into him during his education. The principle of utility was a driving force behind Mills education. The utility principle is to promote the greatest happiness for the greatest number. Benthams chief interest was of its application to law reform and the prison service, James Mill applied it to politics and John Stuart Mill then actively reconstructed the principle to argue that the government should actively promote the general good. Mill derived the liberty principle from utilitarianism, and propounded the importance of the individuals self-determination and personal development. Bentham formulated the principle of utility in Introduction to the Principles of Morals and Legislation (11). Despite viewing law and morality as separate issues he postulated that actions are to be judged morally right or wrong in accordance with whether they maximise pleasure or minimise the pain caused to those affected. Its performance must be more productive of pleasure or happiness, or more preventive of pain or unhappiness, than any possible alternative (12). Mill was an ardent supporter of Benthams utility principle but differed in that his approach was qualitative and not quantitative, because he was more concerned with the value of an outcome rather than the size of its effect. Mill did not think all pleasures were of equal value. Mills suspicion of collective mediocrity led him to suggest safeguards to ensure that the government and legislature did not become the organ of the tendencies and instincts of the masses. He advocated an enlightened and educated populace and plural voting for the educated (13). One of Mills significant influences was his partner and wife Harriet Taylor his partnership with her prompted him to advocate equal rights between men and women. (14). On Liberty had an affect in the debate that occurred between Patrick Devlin and HLA Hart. Professor HLA Hart supported Mills Liberty principle and used Mills thought in his argument with Lord Patrick Devlin. The debate began with the Wolfendon Report 1957 on homosexual offences prostitution. The report reverberates Mill where it says there must be a realm of private morality and immorality which is, in brief and crude terms, not the laws business (15) but also that the function of criminal law is to preserve public order and decency, to protect the citizen from what is offensive and injurious (16). Devlin rejected this idea and in The Enforcement of Morality (17) argued that an established morality is as necessary as good government to the welfare of society. He said that society should be allowed to prohibit anything which the right-minded or reasonable man regards as grossly immoral and that it was not necessary to prove something caused harm in order to do this. (18). He argued that society will disintegrate from within where there is no common morality, even more than it would crumble from external pressures, therefore society would be justified in taking steps to preserve the common morality in the same way as it does to protect its government. He asserted that legal enforcement of morals need only be used in certain cases since a citizen cannot surrender his whole life to societys scrutiny (19). Harts counter argument was in Law, Liberty Morality (20) where he stated that there was no evidenced to show that deviation from accepted sexual morality. is something which, like treason threatens the existence of society. Hart denied that the weakening of common morality will lead to societys downfall but does suggest that society may need certain basic rules to survive (21). He urged Devlin to consider the dangers of populism, and that the risk in democracy that the majority dictate how we live, should not be maximised. Hart postulated that restraint of immorality was not best achieved by a fear of legal sanction and warned that the enforcement of a moral code contradicts the spirit of moral value. Mills liberty principle has been followed in many subsequent works including that of Immanuel Kant (22) who arrives at a similar conclusion, and Jeffrie G Murphy in Another look at Legal Moralism (23) who argues that areas of private immorality (by consenting adults) should not be criminalised because there are no victims. James Fitzjames Stephen (24) criticised the liberty principle in the two areas Mill criticised the principle himself. Fitzjames Stephen believed that there are no self-regarding actions; every persons action affects another. He also argued the paternalist point, that society has right to interfere to protect the individual. I dont believe Mill intended the principle to be viewed as an infallible model and indeed took stock of these criticisms himself when writing On Liberty. Fitzjames Stephen also thought that the majority of men were weak and ill educated therefore sanctions were necessary in order to uphold morality. He berated the liberty principle as too crude in not taking into account the complexities of human relationships. It has been said that Mill has been misinterpreted and the ambiguity of some of the words used in On Liberty exasperate the problem. Mill did not define the word harm which could have the effect of two extremely different interpretations. What is to count as harming others? John Gray believes that harm is meant to mean injury to interests, and feels that the vital human interests that Mill had in mind were security and autonomy. The word interests is also undefined, where Mill says the individual is to be accountable only for those actions which are prejudicial in the interests of others, the exact scope of this statement has been the subject of much debate. John Reess interpretation of the liberty principle was that the interests of others must be affected injuriously in order for society to intervene. The liberty principle is often viewed as being vague and undefined (25). Critics have accused Mill of having an anti-democratic fear of popular government, in particular the potential for working-class opinion to be oppressive and perhaps violent, but it appears Mill was more concerned with middle-class conformity. The fear took root after reading Alexis de Tocqueville Democracy in America (2) America was a middle-class society, and Mill feared that it was also a society that did not care for individual liberty. Some critics like Isaiah Berlin (26) and Gertrude Himmelfarb have stated that due to Mills strict and unorthodox upbringing, and the imposition of classical utilitarianism upon him, he was unable to unshackle these chains of influence, which meant he remained inconsistent and with no coherent doctrine amongst his works. Himmelfarbs view was that there is no logical connection between the philosophy of utilitarianism and the liberty principle because the principle of utility justifies the sacrifice of an individuals liberty in order to maximise potential happiness for the greater good of society. Berlin put forward the same criticism of Mills mind being divided as individual liberty has only instrumental value in utility and cannot have priority over general welfare whereas in On Liberty, Mill states that individual freedom has intrinsic value regardless of its contribution to the general welfare. However Mill never felt torn between the competing principles in his own mind, but there are many examples of where the two may collide. An example being the prevention of heroin addiction; utilitarianism appears to encourage this kind of interference that the principle of liberty seeks to extinguish. Others have also felt that the two ideas do not equate with each other (27). Today with the development of modern technology and forensic science we are subject to all kinds of interference with our freedom in terms of the confidential information stored and analysed without the individuals consent. New types of surveillance and control are made possible by combining databases and by new technological advances. This information creates ever new sources of power and ever new possibilities of control in the post modern age (28). Balkin questions if this is a new form of totalitarianism, a prison constructed from access to information. Mill believed individualism should be regarded as having intrinsic worth, and is essential to happiness, and our right to privacy is part of our individualism and autonomy. Now our computer usage can be monitored, mobile phone records tapped into, our DNA can be taken and analysed without our consent (29), CCTV cameras monitor us (30), intimate details of multiple aspects of our lives are all stored and used to some degree and currently a database is being set up to store details of children and their families (31). The introduction of ID cards (32) will mean further intrusion and its functions will no doubt multiply ultimately changing the relationship between the individual and the state. Mill believed it was imperative that human beings should be free to form opinions and to express their opinions without reserve, but laws surrounding our right to protest have impinged on our freedom of speech and right to protest (33). The Terrorism Act in its ambiguity poses possibilities for abuse and can be used to quash ordinary political activity (34). The introduction of the Anti-Social Behaviour Order has led to much concern about its abuse by the state and its impingement on our liberties (35). ASBOs can be used as a tool for the government to appear as though they are being tough on crime whereas what they are actually doing is diminishing our rights and freedoms. The strange thing is that the majority of people seem unconcerned about this intrusion and have accepted it as part of the life we now live. People look at it as necessary for the prevention of crime; to prevent terrorism (the Terrorism Act), to prevent fraud (ID cards), to prevent anti-social behaviour (Asbos), and to prevent offence (Public Protest). Mill saw autonomy as a vital human interest, an essential part of the permanent interests of man as a progressive being. The Enlightenment sought to eradicate unthinking tradition and religious bigotry (28) and to understand and analyse society in terms of science and reason, and now because of technological advancements, we have arrived at a whole new set of restraints on our freedom.

How to Use Multimedia to Bolster Your Marketing Strategy [PODCAST]

How to Use Multimedia to Bolster Your Marketing Strategy [PODCAST] Some people learn best from reading, but others prefer to watch or listen to content. Although you probably put a lot of time into your blog, website, and other written marketing products, multimedia content is becoming increasingly more popular. Knowing where to begin and how to make the process more efficient just might be the key to your success as a marketer. Today, we’re talking to Ander Frischer, the marketing educator at Instapage. He’s going to share his insights on how he handles the process of creating multimedia content, plus a whole lot more. You won’t want to miss today’s episode! Some of the highlights of the show include: Information about Instapage, including their impressive conversion rate. A few tips on landing page advertising personalization and why A/B testing is so important. Why it’s so important to include multimedia content in any marketing strategy. How Ander integrated interactive multimedia content into the marketing strategy at Instapage and what he was hoping to achieve. How personalization has helped boost project results at Instapage. Some insights on the process for launching a webinar. Ander’s process for organizing a podcast. Tips for getting quality engagement from your listeners or readers. Ander’s best advice for someone who wants to get started with adding multimedia content to their marketing strategy. If you liked today’s show, please subscribe on iTunes to The Actionable Content Marketing Podcast! The podcast is also available on SoundCloud, Stitcher, and Google Play. Quotes by Ander: â€Å"I like to hold back from giving one-size-fits-all optimization tips because every business is different.† â€Å"A podcast is a great opportunity to cultivate relationships.† â€Å"The most rewarding thing about what I do is hearing from people.†

Primary School Children's Knowledge And Awareness Of Food Essay

Primary School Children's Knowledge And Awareness Of Food - Essay Example A Nation-wide Public Health Issue: According to Purely Nutrition (n.d.), 27.7% of children under 11 years of age are in the overweight or obese category. On average young people eat less than the recommended 5 portions of fruit and vegetables per day and 20% of young people do not eat any fruit in a typical week. Further 58% of children between 7 and 10 years of age spend less than an hour per day participating in moderately intense activities. This is a nation-wide public health issue and a target has been set to reverse the year-on-year increase in obesity for children under 11 years of age by 2010. Historical Review: Local authorities have been under a duty to provide school meals since the Provision of Meals Act 1906 which resulted from the rejection of 60% of recruits for the Boer War due to ill health resulting from poor nutrition (Spear, 2007). School meals became mandatory in 1944 during rationing in the Second World War. However, in 1980 the Education Act allowed local authorities to tender provision out. This resulted in a price war with the nutritional value being the first victim (Spear, 2007). Nelson et al (2005) point out that a major incentive was saving money. In 1980 expenditure on school meals were approximately  £400 million. By 2005 13% of schools had no kitchen facilities at all, having dismantled them. According to Flintoff (2005),  £154m was lopped off the school meals budget since 1994. Government Action: The issue of poor diet and obesity in young people came to the public’s attention following celebrity chef Jamie Oliver’s 2005 television series - Jamie’s School Dinners - indicating that the average spend on school dinners was  £0.37 which is a dismal amount given that lunchtime makes an important contribution to the nutrition of primary school children in England. (Flintoff, 2005).  

Business Environment in United Kingdom Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Business Environment in United Kingdom - Essay Example An economic system are the consists of the people, institutions, processes, procedures that must be followed when making economic decisions to help solve the economic problems that face different economies. The different types of economic systems will determine the decisions on what to produce, how to produce, and who to consume the output. Economic Concepts and Problems The major economic problems that face economies include: the scarcity problem, competition, choice, resources, opportunity costs, needs, efficiency and wants. These are the key concepts that are fundamental in the understanding of the economic problems and that influence the kind of economic decisions that must be made for economic stability purposes and for the attainment of the solutions to the economic problems. The first concept is scarcity. This is a major economic problem that states that human needs are unlimited and resources are insufficient to satisfy all the diverse needs. The society is therefore faced wi th the challenges of the allocation of the scarce resources to attain maximum satisfaction of the unlimited needs. The economic system will therefore determine what to be produced and who to consume. It therefore also mean that a trade off must be made while making the economic decisions. Due to scarcity problem, the individuals in an economy will compete for the limited resources in order to survive. Competition is the scramble for the limited resources in order to acquire a fair share. Businesses and individuals both have to compete for the limited and scarce resources in order not to get eliminated in the system. When competition arises, the government agencies may formulate policies that are aimed at ensuring that the allocation of resources and that the competition is fair for all the participants. Competition has always been desired in order to increase efficiency and improve on the quality. The third important concept is opportunity cost. In economics the pursuance of one dec ision will mean a sacrifice to another possible action. Opportunity cost is the cost forgone for selecting the best alternative. Because the resources that are available in each economy is not enough to produce enough goods and services for everybody, some decisions must be made while others will be sacrificed. Economic systems will assist in the determination on what to produce and what to sacrifice. Needs are the requirements for existence or survival. Individuals in an economy will need food, shelter and good infrastructure for them to have a good life. Businesses as well will need resources e.g. raw materials in production or economic conditions that are favourable for operation. In addition, resources are the commodities or assets that are needed for production of goods and services that are demanded by individuals. Resources have the characteristics that they are limited, get depleted and have utility. The allocation of resources in production determines the manner in which th e economy performs and the output that will be attained. Economic systems are instrumental in the allocation of these scarce resources to maximize the satisfaction that will be achieved in the economy. Moreover, the scarcity of resources in production and in the satisfaction of human needs will mean that a choice must be made in relation to what to produce, quantity to produce, when to produce and who to consume. Choice can be defined as the choosing from among alternatives. In economic problems, a choice must be made on what to pursue among the various alternatives that are existing. The economic system influences the choices that are adopted in the

Project Management of F16 Software Code Update (SCU) Research Proposal

Project Management of F16 Software Code Update (SCU) - Research Proposal Example F-16 has many classified information and has several versions and type of weapons for operational flight program. The whole F-16 system hardware is enabled by the Operational Flight Program which is made up of a series of software modules. Each software module of Operational Flight Program codes the functions of a separate weapon system or operational systems. This study is aimed at analyzing the software capabilities of Operational Flight Program of F-16 aircrafts and its upgrades made from time to time. Introduction F-16 aircraft was designed to strengthen the combat capabilities of Air Force of United States. It was developed originally by the General Dynamics and later developed further by Lockheed Corporation which was then became Lockheed Martin. Fighting Falcon is one of the most significant fighters of the latter part of the 20th century. The development of F-16 began with the concept for an experimental lightweight fighter. It then fostered into an aircraft fighter that oper ated in all types of weather and had capabilities of attacking precisely to any enemy target. The manufacturing of F-16 is done at five different production lines. Over 4,000 F-16 aircraft fighters have been built for the Western World and it has become their largest fighter program. The F-16 aircraft is used in war and its design and development is mostly classified. The software technology used in embedded computer system is the most critical, accurate and zero tolerance code. The automation of warfare management is done with the operation flight program of F-16 aircraft. The Operational Flight Program (OFP) is a computer program written for computer hardware fixed inside the F-16 aircraft. The Operational Flight Program needs to be updated and upgraded as and when new needs for improvements of F-16 aircraft are identified and consequently weapons are improved or changed. Methods F-16 Operational Flight Program The F-16 Operational Flight Program is written in the form of modules. Each module executes and performs the functions of the weapon system. The coding of the functions is done such that each function describes the phases of the mission a weapon system performs. The phases which are included in the mission are â€Å"preflight, takeoff/time to cruise, outbound cruise, SAM (surface to air missile) evasion, descent, penetration, bomb delivery, climb, air-to-air combat, inbound cruise, loiter, and approach and landing.† (Charles P. Satterthwate, 1994) â€Å"Function types include communication (external/internal), IFF (identification friend or foe), navigation, guidance, steering, control, target acquisition/identification, stores management, weapon delivery and threat warning.† (Charles P. Satterthwate, 1994) â€Å"The modules of the F-16 Operational Flight Program include executive; control and display; air-to-air; air-to-ground; navigation; communication; heads up display; vertical situation display; gun, missiles; overload warning and v isual identification.† (Charles P. Satterthwate, 1994) â€Å"A module type, such as controls and displays, might contain multiple modules which are prioritized according to the timing requirements of the functional calls of the OFP. The OFP is required to process real time interrupt driven schedules, which are handled by the executive

Highland Tower Collapse and Ramp Construction

Highland Tower Collapse and Ramp Construction Introduction The purpose of this essay is to find out from a field, a building that experienced construction catastrophe, study its short comings and come up with solutions and recommendations of what could be done to ensure the same problem doesn’t happen in the future. The building upon which the research is based in this assignment is called the Highland tower, a building in Selangor Malaysia which collapsed and 48 people died and 12 others were evacuated from the other building. The Highland Towers collapse was an apartment building collapse that occurred on 11 December 1993 in Taman Hillview, Ulu Klang, Selangor, Malaysia. The collapse of Block One of the apartments caused the deaths of 48 people and led to the complete evacuation of the remaining two blocks due to safety concern. It was one of the most tragic building accidents in Malaysian history where residential towers collapsed and killed people. Since then, the government and its subsidiaries sat down in a committee to see a wa y forward for the construction industry especially construction in hilly areas to minimize casualties. The event has been widely publicized, when an American tourist in particular because it is captured in the next ten days and taken to the Tower of photos a dramatic sequence, and crazy rescue operations.       Building professionals with the case of several important influence in Malaysia, which will be the focus of this paper, but also lead to tort law in Malaysia interesting development and clarification. Case study Highland Towers consists of three 12-storey buildings in a steep hill, was later extensively on the terraces in the early 1980s in western base built in stages between 1974 to 1982. Each block is named: Block1 (built in 1977, the most southern) Block2 (built in 1979, north-west block 1, slightly elevated than the other two, the closer to the top of the hill) Block3 (built in 1981, the Northwest block 1, block West 2). Parking behind the mountain rain collapsed building in the swimming pool located on both sides and the rear between Northwest Northeast parking lot after the landslide caused by the failure of the retaining wall behind the building failed, for 10 days. The tower is home to the affluent middle-class families ; considerable proportion of residents are expatriates . Highland Tower was once notorious early 1980s and 1990s for wealthy people to hide their mistress popular place . The water tower is behind a small stream known as the East Creek . Eastern Creek flows into the tower site tower before construction. Later, build a pipeline system to divert flow to bypass the tower in 1991, a new housing development project, called Wu Antarabangsa Development Project , located in the tower Peak behind the start . As a result, the mountain has been cleared of trees and other vegetation and land cover, soil erosion exposed land, which will lead to land slides from the construction site of the w ater diverted into the river to divert the flow of the same East piping systems. eventually, the pipeline system to become over- pressurized water, sand and silt from the Eastern Creek and the construction site. pipe burst at different locations in the mountains, the soil had to absorb excess moisture . December 1993 monsoon rains further worsening the situation . (Block One of the Highland Towers collapsed) Role and responsibilities The Architect (I) there is no defense of this contact is a limited one, at least you must ensure that other aspects of the work of others is competent to complete. Defensive architect, he only retained the design and supervision of three apartment buildings, and denied that his range extends to the drainage, earthworks and retaining walls. It was dismissed by that court. The court held that the architect must take into account the building on which is built in the vicinity of the land, and the land itself, the safety assessment of the building, it must be evaluated. [In addition, the court held that as a matter of fact, the architect concerned about the neighborhood and the building itself, when he submitted the layout plan, the authorities because it includes high tower behind the slope terraces and drainage. Therefore, he must ensure that the work carried out although others in a competent and workmanlike manner] (Ii) there is no difference between the standard care of unqualified doctors Although the architect in reality just a building draftsman, measure their behavior on the court has the ability to architect a standard that if a person is unqualified, but showed himself to have a skill, he will be judged by the standard a competent and qualified staff. (C) there is no excuse to say that compulsory employer does not comply with regulations Finally, the Court seems to have flatly rejected the architects excuse that he can not do anything to stop his boss (employers and engineers in obtaining certificates of fitness in three apartment buildings do not fulfill the conditions stipulated by the local authorities in collusion background, instead of terraces and retaining walls to ensure proper design, provide and sufficient to withstand, even though he knew it would affect the building, he was in charge) slope instability the Court has made clear that, when the law is broken, the architect must report to the authorities after the architect must ensure that the law, even in the risk of being discharged. Engineer Defense engineer, he only retained the design and supervision of three apartment buildings, Highland Towers compound structures within two retaining walls, and submit plans, drainage, and two and denied his range extends to the drainage, earthworks. It was dismissed by that court. The court found that engineers must take into account the building on which is built in the vicinity of the land, and the land itself, the time to assess the safety of buildings, must be evaluated. He should ensure the stability of the slope behind Highland Towers. His duties not by a mere belief that they are built on terraced slopes and retaining walls were discharged by an engineer or other consultant. He should ask the professional is qualified, whether he was doing what impact the safety of cascading tower. [Neglect other aspects of engineers a serious violation of the authorities to take care of his responsibilities to a notification issued by the buyer, and only 10 percent is based on the approved drainage construction] In summary locations near building professionals need to be considered, as well as the safety assessment of the site itself, especially taking into account the adjacent hillside. Building professionals to participate in a limited range can not hide behind, these are the things that they themselves and their employers, but they may be subject to the duties owed to the scope of their service is not limited to this. Building professionals required to ensure that others do the work to engage them in the design may affect / supervisory structure is competent, workmanlike manner to carry out the work. If you think the general building professionals have expertise in a specific area of à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ ¹Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ ¹eligibility when they are unqualified, their behavior will be a measure of this expertise qualified doctor. After building professionals must ensure that law and, if necessary to report to the authorities if their clients break the law, even in danger by their client to be discharged. Case application on law of tort Negligence The Highland Towers decision becomes another Malaysian High Court decision which diverges from the approach of the English Courts and adopts the approach taken by other Commonwealth jurisdictions in allowing the recovery of â€Å"pure economic loss†, especially where sufficient proximity can be demonstrated between the negligent act and the loss. Pure economic loss is the loss related to the product itself which is defective by reason of negligence, as opposed to the loss or damage caused to the property of the Plaintiff by this defective product. Nuisance In this cause of action, a Defendant is liable if the Plaintiff can show the Defendant is responsible for a condition or activity which interferes with use or enjoyment of his land, and that condition or activity is not a reasonable user by the Defendant. The Highland Towers decision, requiring the plaintiff must establish an additional requirement that is the type of damage whether the defendant could reasonably foreseeable, the principles adopted from English case law on the extension of the disturbance is limited in Malaysia, Cambridge Water Company leather Co. Ltd. v. Eastern European countries. Cause of structural failure The water tower is behind a small stream known as the East Creek . Eastern Creek flows into the tower site tower before construction, so the establishment of the pipeline system is to divert the flow to bypass the tower. In 1991, a new housing development project, called Bukit Antarabangsa Development Project, located in the tower under construction behind the top of the hill . The mountain is cleared of trees and other vegetation and land cover, land exposed soil erosion is a major factor causing landslides. Construction site of the new water diverted into the existing pipeline systems used to transfer the East river flows. This heavy-duty piping and water, sand and silt from the river and east into the pipeline construction site . Pipes burst, several places in the mountains, and the surrounding soil to absorb excess moisture . December 1993 monsoon rains further deterioration of the situation . The water content in the soil becomes super saturated, so that the soil has become viscous, actually become the degree of clay. October 1992 by the hillside is saturated with water, the water is flowing down the slopes and considered retaining walls . Shortly thereafter, landslides, destroying the construction of a retaining wall. Landslide mud that contains an estimated one hundred thousand square meters a mass equivalent to 200 Boeing 747 aircraft. Rammed earth base to first, gradually pushing it forward. After a month of this constant pressure, foundations snapped and November 1993, the residents began to see cracks forming and expanding the highlands surrounding the tower, on the road warning of collapse. Unfortunately, no further investigation before a collapse December 11, 1993. Safety authorities and Investigation procedures. These were the findings of the investigation that came from the accident. Also indicating who was to blame for the occurrence of the accident. Within the first 24 hours, only two women and an infant were pulled out of the rubble. Indonesian maid Umi Rashidah Khoruman, 22, and her 18-month old daughter Nur Hamidah Najib, survived the ordeal, but the second woman, Japanese national Shizue Nakajima, 50, succumbed to her injuries. Final report from the investigations showed that It was the fault of the property owners not to drain the land that caused the silt to build and thus the massive land slide that led to the collapse of the structure that claimed 48 lives. Liabilities. The following are the court s findings of liability : The first defendant was negligent in assuming responsibility not to engage a qualified architect, building terraces insufficient, inadequate, could reasonably be expected to have caused the collapse of the retaining walls and drains eastward diversion from its natural course and failed to ensure that the slope is adequate water pipe culverts, and hate not maintained drains and retaining walls . The second defendant ( the architect ) is assumed liability for negligence does not ensure adequate drainage and retaining walls built in the adjacent highlands tower site, which he foresaw or should have foreseen that the building would endanger the hillside, he is responsible for, not specified with the authorities on drainage, and the first defendant and the third defendant ( engineers ) collude to get fitness certificate does not fulfill the conditions by the fourth defendant ( local authorities ) are required, in doing so does not comply with his duties, the architect and no investigation retaining walls, even though he knew they would affect the terraced hillsides and construction of buildings, he was responsible for, and hate, because he is an unreasonable land users . The third defendant ( engineer ) is behind the negligence of responsibility without considering the hillside or slope of the tower, there is no basis for the design and construction to accommodate lateral load or alternatively landslide has ensured that the adjacent slope stability, without implementation of the approved drainage plan, and the first and second defendants colluded to get fitness certificate does not fulfill the conditions stipulated by the fourth defendant and a nuisance, because he is irrational use of land. The fourth defendant ( local authorities ) Although the negligence of its construction-related jobs. That is about the building plan approval process to ensure the implementation of the approved construction of drainage systems, and in the Certificate of Fitness problem remains because S95 Street, Drainage and Building Act (2 ) immunity. The fourth defendant, but a maintenance function Eastern stream late in fulfilling its construction can not be spared for its negligence . It also attracted a nuisance liability . The fifth defendant ( Arab Malaysian financial BHD) is liable for the negligence of failure to maintain drains their land, and in the land after the collapse of the measures taken to restore stability . Seventh defendant (Metrolux property ) and its project manager, the eighth defendant, who is the responsibility of negligence and nuisance, to prevent water from flowing into the downhill ( into their website ), but to guide the stream of water into the East, when they knew or ought to have known, this will increase the amount of water injected into the mud and, in particular, have their own extensive land clearing, go east into the stream, it will be deposited, which will in turn ( to prove ) cause or contribute to drainage fault system and a collapse. The ninth and tenth defendant ( basically the state government ), found no liability due to a technical problem on the prosecution of a particular political party. The sixth defendant ( who carried out the work site clean- Arab abortion buyer of land in Malaysia ) found no evidence of responsibility . Remedies About remedies the first this is find a qualified contractors and qualified Designer and construction engineer. In this case causes of building collapse the main reason is to find designer contractor caused by the irrational. So we summary have five points: (i) Nearby locations building professionals need to be considered, as well as the safety assessment of the site itself, especially taking into account the adjacent hillside. (Ii) building professionals to participate in a limited range can not hide behind, these are things that they themselves and their employers, but they may be subject to the duties owed to the scope of their service is not limited to this. (Iii) building professionals required to ensure that others do the work may be engaged to supervise their influence in the design / construction is competent, will carry out their work, a workmanlike manner. (Iv) if the building professionals think they have expertise in specific areas when they are unqualified, their behavior will be a measure of this general qualifications expertise qualified doctor. (V) construction professionals must ensure that the law after a report to the authorities if necessary, if their clients break the law, even in danger by their client to be discharged. The second thing to do is to ensure that the experience and expertise to this project. Next to it is to ensure that all materials and components to be installed and used in order to test its functionality and satisfactory compliance with the required standards. For example; specific laboratory tests should be taken before using compressive strength, stability and durability. Finally, before any part of the project is complete, responsible for the approval before its next regulatory bodies should be. The project is a model for all the items necessary tests, carried out before the actual implementation. Engineers can also use the cause of the weather and other aspects of the model. The third thing is because this situation has occurred for many years, although the court has not yet made the decision, but still want to remind contractors, who together oversee project quality, and how to resolve some of the risk around. Do not let the tragedy happen again. Percentage Frequency of Causes of Building Collapse(Malaysia 1960-2010) So in this table we can see Causes of Building Collapse most reason is Inexperience contractor. Now we need clean know find an experienced contractor is very important, faulty design and due to surrounding building development also account for a large proportion. Recommendations From the above analysis and discussion presented, you can infer that the main reason for the buildings structural failures, design errors and poor workmanship, which may also be applicable to other countries in the world . Also from the results of this study,it is believed that there are three types of claims, can produce any buildings collapsed, that contract claims, tort claims and incidents of both contract and tort claims ; This means that a party can be made in this both his / her request. Therefore, the following recommendations for who had suffered losses in the square building collapse Events so that their requirements: (i) The Government shall endeavor to assist in the investigation of any incidence of building collapse, to allow victims to know the responsible party, and from whom to make a claim . (ii) The Government should assist owners or who have suffered the loss of a building collapse in the event a third party to prosecute their cases in court as they do their other requirements, if they can not, because The expensive nature of the proceedings. (iii) The Government should enact laws that will improve the effectiveness and standards for the construction of buildings. (iv) In addition, the government should monitor, manage and enforce the law, its effectiveness. (v) Every building owner should ensure that qualified professionals and experienced contractors are engaged in carrying out their construction process . (vi) Every professional body should monitor their members and also be ready to penalize any erring member who ISS found liable in building collapse incident. Conclusion Ramp construction led to landslides like we definitely hear a lot of news, and landslides claimed more and more of life events, why is everywhere and felling of trees for the construction of the activities. Otherwise, this tragedy 21 years ago can be avoided! I hope the Government will seriously look at this issue! REFERENCES http://malaysiafactbook.com/Highland_Towers_collapse http://www.nst.com.my/nation/general/i-saw-highland-towers-block-crash-to-